Proteínas homólogas de unión a reticulocitos de Plasmodium falciparum involucradas en el proceso de invasión al eritrocito: Revisión de la literatura
Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding homologous proteins involved in the process of erythrocyte invasion: Literature review
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Introducción. La malaria es uno de los mayores retos de salud pública a nivel mundial, es causada principalmente por los parásitos Plasmodium falciparum y Plasmodium vivax. Durante el proceso de invasión, se encuentran involucradas las proteínas homólogas de unión a reticulocitos de Plasmodium falciparum PfRH1, PfRH2a, PfRH2b, PfRH4 y PfRH5, que tras su unión a receptores específicos de membrana permiten la invasión del merozoíto al eritrocito. Objetivo. Compilar y resumir las características moleculares y estructurales de las interacciones entre las proteínas pertenecientes a la familia de proteínas homólogas de unión a reticulocitos de Plasmodium falciparum y los receptores expresados en la célula del hospedero. Método. Revisión descriptiva sobre las proteínas homólogas de unión a reticulocitos de Plasmodium falciparum involucradas en el proceso de invasión al eritrocito. Esta revisión, incluye literatura publicada hasta el año 2020 en bases de datos electrónicas especializadas en investigación biomédica. Se encontraron 105 documentos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 70 y se excluyeron 11 por no presentar los criterios de inclusión, analizando un total de 59 referencias. Conclusión. La invasión del merozoíto es mediada por interacciones específicas de los ligandos de las familias EBL y PfRH. La unión de las proteínas PfRH1 y PfRH2b a sus receptores en el eritrocito, dan lugar a la liberación de la proteína EBL-175, que junto con PfRH4 median la formación de una unión estrecha entre el parásito y los glóbulos rojos, permitiendo así, la unión de la proteína PfRH5 a basigina y la entrada del parásito a la célula del hospedero.
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