Babesia bovis: Actualidad del desarrollo de una vacuna
Babesia bovis: An Update on vaccine development
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Introducción. Babesia bovis es el principal agente causal de la babesiosis bovina, una importante enfermedad veterinaria transmitida por garrapatas a nivel mundial. Las estrategias convencionales para controlar esta parasitosis han presentado múltiples limitaciones por lo que el desarrollo de una vacuna basada en antígenos representa una estrategia apropiada para la prevención y el tratamiento. Objetivo. Describir los aspectos relevantes del ciclo de vida del parásito B. bovis, la epidemiología, diagnóstico y la aplicación de diferentes estrategias usadas para controlar esta parasitosis. Además, se discuten potenciales puntos de intervención para desarrollar una vacuna contra este parásito. Metodología. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos usando los términos: “Babesia bovis AND lyfe cycle”, “B. bovis vaccine and Vaccine candidates”, entre otras. Los estudios con mayor pertinencia publicados hasta la actualidad se revisaron completamente. Resultados: Los detalles de la biología de parásito B. bovis y el proceso molecular usado para ocasionar la enfermedad en el hospedador son poco conocidos, lo que explica que el desarrollado de estrategias para el control de esta parasitosis no hayan sido del todo eficientes. Por lo tanto, se requiere diseñar nuevas medidas, por ejemplo, desarrollar vacunas de nueva generación basadas en un enfoque funcional que permitan mejorar las condiciones de sanidad animal. Conclusiones. Comprender el complejo ciclo de vida de B. bovis permitirá estudiar las interacciones huésped-parásito-garrapata e identificar moléculas implicadas en la adhesión/invasión celular para evaluar su utilidad como componente de una vacuna que controle esta parasitosis.
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