Variables clínicas del parto en posición vertical y horizontal: Revisión exhaustiva de literatura
Clinical behavior of vertical and horizontal deliveries: Exhaustive literature review
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Introducción. El trabajo de parto representa el acontecimiento más importante durante la culminación del periodo de gestación y, por lo tanto, la adecuada elección de su posición, ya sea vertical u horizontal, resulta indispensable para minimizar las complicaciones maternas y neonatales. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el comportamiento clínico del parto vertical y horizontal, describiendo los principales resultados en diferentes países del mundo. Método. Revisión documental mediante la búsqueda de la literatura entre los años 2009 y 2020 en bases de datos especializadas seleccionándose 50 artículos. Resultados. La posición vertical se asoció a una menor duración del trabajo de parto, dolor referido y necesidad de episiotomía, no obstante, esta posición puede incrementar el riesgo de hemorragia postparto y daño perineal. Conclusión. La variedad de desenlaces obstétricos y neonatales asociados a las posiciones de parto vertical y horizontal hacen complejo definir una posición de parto óptima y, por lo tanto, se recomienda la libre elección de acuerdo con las características que presente cada paciente
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