Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors on COVID-19: A narrative review of the literature
Efectos de Bloqueadores del Receptor de Angiotensina II e inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina en COVID-19: Una revisión narrativa de la literatura
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Introducción: El surgimiento y diseminación del SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo) actualmente afecta la mayoría de países a lo largo del globo. La asociación entre este virus y la regulación positiva de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2) ha sido sugerida como un factor potencial en el desarrollo de la Enfermedad por coronavirus- 19 (COVID- 19). Objetivo: Describir la relación entre algunos tratamientos antihipertensivos y COVID- 19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión con los componentes de la estrategia PIO (Población, Intervención, Resultados). Se incluyó literatura de los últimos 20 años disponible en las bases de datos centrales PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Embase. Fueron incluidos todos los artículos relevantes que describen la relación epidemiológica entre SARS-CoV-2 e hipertensión, el tratamiento y el desenlace de los pacientes quienes tienen esta comorbilidad, así como la relación entre el Eje Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona y COVID-19. Resultados: Se encontraron inicialmente 292 artículos en las bases de datos, los cuales fueron analizados para finalmente seleccionar 17 artículos, incluyendo exámenes in vivo e in vitro, ensayos clínicos y estudios epidemiológicos relacionados con el tema analizado. Conclusión: Debido a los beneficiosos efectos sistémicos del tratamiento antihipertensivo cuyo blanco es el sistema Renina-Angiotensina- Aldosterona, y a la falta de evidencia acerca de estos medicamentos en cuanto a la inducción de SARS-CoV-2, no se recomienda suspender o contraindicar el tratamiento con estos fármacos en pacientes hipertensos positivos para COVID-19 a menos que haya una indicación clínica
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