Rehabilitación Pulmonar en Pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica
Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Introducción. La enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC) se caracteriza por ser una patología prevenible y tratable, que presenta sintomatología respiratoria permanente por restricción progresiva del flujo aéreo. La rehabilitación pulmonar, ha demostrado mejoría en la actividad física, disminución de la disnea y sintomatología respiratoria, además de mejorar la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la rehabilitación pulmonar en la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva. Materiales y métodos. Para la búsqueda bibliográfica se incluyeron artículos de las bases de datos PudMed, Jane, Science Direct, Ovid, Medline, Proquest, publicados en los últimos cinco años con evidencia actualizada en relación a la rehabilitación pulmonar EPOC. Se seleccionaron 53 artículos de interés en la temática cumpliendo con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados. Los artículos seleccionados abordan temática de rehabilitación Pulmonar en EPOC, con aplicación de protocolos que incluyen cuestionarios de evaluación respiratoria. Dentro de los resultados analizados, no se evidencia diferencia demográfica significativa entre los grupos intervenidos, la incidencia de participación es de 100 pacientes para cada programa de rehabilitación pulmonar, la media de edad es de 59 años, y los programas de rehabilitación se desarrollan a nivel hospitalario, comunitario y ambulatorio. Conclusiones. Implementar programas de rehabilitación pulmonar en pacientes con EPOC, constituye un elemento fundamental en el manejo de esta enfermedad, mostrando efectos benéficos al optimizar sintomatología, capacidad en el ejercicio, control sobre la enfermedad y mejoría en la calidad de vida.
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