Factores asociados a malnutrición en niños entre 2 y 5 Años Oicatá, Colombia
Factors associated with malnutrition in children between 2 and 5 years Oicatá, Colombia
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Álvarez-Fonseca GA, Calvo Hurtado JA, Alvarez Fonseca YC, Bernal-García M. Factores asociados a malnutrición en niños entre 2 y 5 Años Oicatá, Colombia. Revista Investig. Salud Univ. Boyacá [Internet]. 11 de enero de 2019 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];6(1):103-19. Disponible en: https://revistasdigitales.uniboyaca.edu.co/index.php/rs/article/view/297
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Introducción. La malnutrición se define como una serie de desequilibrios que incluyen desde la desnutrición, déficit proteico o calórico, sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: Determinar los factores clínicos y sociodemográficos asociados a la prevalencia de malnutrición en niños entre 2 y 5 años, en el periodo 2016-2017, en la Empresa Social del Estado (E.S.E) de primer nivel, Oicatá, Boyacá. Método. Estudio de prevalencia analítica, con un muestro aleatorio de 194 niños y niñas, entre los 2 y 5 años, suministrado por la base de datos de controles de crecimiento y desarrollo entre los años 2016 y 2017. Resultados. De los 194 niños incluidos en la investigación, el género de mayor predominio fue el femenino en un 50,5%, con una media de edad 4 años y un Índice de Masa Corporal de 15.35 (kg/cm2). Se halló una prevalencia para desnutrición aguda y crónica de 1,2% y 1,8% respectivamente, asociada a factores como antecedentes patológicos, nacimiento por cesárea, bajo peso al nacer, parto pre término y una lactancia materna menor a 2 meses. Se encontraron más cifras de malnutrición por déficit que por exceso. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de malnutrición en el municipio de Oicatá, evidenció mayores cifras hacia la desnutrición crónica y su existencia con la asociación a múltiples factores clínicos y sociodemográficos para padecer tal condición en los menores de 5 años
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19. Paynter S, Ware RS, Lucero MG, Tallo V, Nohynek H, Weinstein P, et al. Malnutrition. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(3):267–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000096
20. Cárdenas-Cárdenas LM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Chaparro-Narváez P, Hoz-Restrepo FD la. Individual and climate factors associated with acute respiratory infection in Colombian children. Cad Saúde Pública. 2017;33(10):e00028216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00028216
21. Koetaan D, Smith A, Liebenberg A, Brits M, Halkas C, Van Lill M, et al. The prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State. African J Prim Heal Care Fam Med. 2018;10(1):e1–5. https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/2Fphcfm.v10i1.1476
22. McCuskee S, Garchitorena A, Miller AC, Hall L, Ouenzar MA, Rabeza VR, et al. Child malnutrition in Ifanadiana district, Madagascar: associated factors and timing of growth faltering ahead of a health system strengthening intervention. Glob Health Action. 2018;11(1):1452357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1452357
23. Wong HJ, Moy FM, Nair S. Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):785. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-785
24. Kizilyildiz BS, Sönmez B, Karaman K, Beger B, Mercen A, Alioglu S, et al. Prevalence, Demographic Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors of Malnutrition Among 0-5 Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study From Van, Eastern Turkey. Pediatr Rep. 2016;8(4):6112. https://dx.doi.org/10.4081%2Fpr.2016.6112
25. Black M, Bhattacharya S, Philip S, Norman JE, McLernon DJ. Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health. JAMA. 2015;314(21):2271. https://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2015.16176
26. Yuan C, Gaskins AJ, Blaine AI, Zhang C, Gillman MW, Missmer SA, et al. Association Between Cesarean Birth and Risk of Obesity in Offspring in Childhood, Adolescence, and Early Adulthood. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(11):e162385. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2385
27. Jakobsson HE, Abrahamsson TR, Jenmalm MC, Harris K, Quince C, Jernberg C, et al. Decreased gut microbiota diversity, delayed Bacteroidetes colonisation and reduced Th1 responses in infants delivered by Caesarean section. Gut. 2014;63(4):559–66. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303249
28. Juma OA, Enumah ZO, Wheatley H, Rafiq MY, Shekalaghe S, Ali A, et al. Prevalence and assessment of malnutrition among children attending the Reproductive and Child Health clinic at Bagamoyo District Hospital, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1094. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3751-0
29. Fekadu Y, Mesfin A, Haile D, Stoecker BJ. Factors associated with nutritional status of infants and young children in Somali Region, Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):846. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2190-7
30. Alemayehu M, Tinsae F, Haileslassie K, Seid O, Gebregziabher G, Yebyo H. Undernutrition status and associated factors in under-5 children, in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Nutrition. 2015;31(7–8):964–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.01.013
31. Gelana G, Dessalegn B, Alemu G. Assessment of Breast Feeding Practice and Risk Factors Associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition among Children Admitted to Addis Ababa Governmental Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2014: A Cross-Sectional Facility Based Study. Open Access J Sci Technol. 2017;5:15. https://doi.org/10.11131/2017/101220
2. Miglioli TC, Fonseca VM, Gomes Junior SC, Saint C, Silva KS da, Lira PIC de, et al. Factors associated with the nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age. Rev Saúde Pública. 2015;49(0):1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005441
3. Ted S N. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition [Internet]. 2018 [6 Dic 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/2018-jme-brochure.pdf?ua=1
4. Tebeje NB, Bikes GA, Abebe SM, Yesuf ME. Prevalence and Major Contributors of Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Child Obes. 2017;2(4):16. https://doi.org/10.21767/2572-5394.100037
5. Corvalán C, Garmendia ML, Jones-Smith J, Lutter CK, Miranda JJ, Pedraza LS, et al. Nutrition status of children in Latin America. Obes Rev. 2017;18:7–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12571
6. Food and Agriculture Organization FAO of the United Nations and the Pan American Health Organization PAHO. Panorama of Food and Nutrition Security in Latin America and the Caribbean[Internet]. Santiago de Chile. 2017 [6 Dic 2018]. Disponible en:http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7914e.pdf
7. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. República de Colombia. Resumen ejecutivo. Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud-ENDS [Internet].Bogotá 2015 [6 Dic 2018]. Disponible en:
https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/ENDS-libro-resumen-ejecutivo-2016.pdf
8. Secretaría de Salud de Boyacá- Dirección Técnica de Salud Pública-. Análisis de Situación de Salud con el Modelo de los Determinantes Sociales de Salud, Boyacá, [Internet]. 2017 [6 Dic 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.boyaca.gov.co/SecSalud/images/Documentos/Asis2017/asis_departamental_boyaca_2017.pdf
9. Barrera Sánchez LF, Herrera Amaya GM, Ospina Díaz JM. Intervención educativa para modificación de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre nutrición en Boyacá, Colombia. Rev Cuid. 2014;5(2):851–958. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v5i2.127
10. Sarmiento OL, Parra DC, González SA, González-Casanova I, Forero AY, Garcia J. The dual burden of malnutrition in Colombia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(6):1628S–1635S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.083816
11. De Onis M, Garza C, Victora CG, Onyango AW, Frongillo EA, Martines J. The who Multicentre Growth Reference Study: Planning, study desing, and methodology. Food Nutr Bull. 2004;25(1_suppl_1):S15–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265040251S104
12. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Complementary feeding in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. Acta Paediatr Suppl [Internet]. 2006 Apr [6 Dic 2018];450:27–37. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16817676
13. Ministerio de salud. República de Colombia. Resolución número 1995 DE 1999 [Internet]. Bogotá; 1.999. [8 Dic 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Normatividad_Nuevo/RESOLUCI%C3%93N%201995%20DE%201999.pdf
14. Ministerio de Salud. República de Colombia. Resolución número 8430 de 1993 [Internet]. Bogotá; 1993. [8 Dic 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDF
15. Rachmi CN, Agho KE, Li M, Baur LA. Stunting, Underweight and Overweight in Children Aged 2.0-4.9 Years in Indonesia: Prevalence Trends and Associated Risk Factors. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0154756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154756
16. Frozanfar MK, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto E, Reyer JA, Dalil S, Rahimzad AD, et al. Acute malnutrition among under-five children in Faryab, Afghanistan: prevalence and causes. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2016;78(1):41–53.
17. Pastor Galiano L, Manrique Abril F, Ernert A, Bau A-M. The double burden of malnutrition and its risk factors in school children in Tunja. ALAN. 2012;62(2):119-126.
18. Brennhofer S, Reifsnider E, Bruening M. Malnutrition coupled with diarrheal and respiratory infections among children in Asia: A systematic review. Public Health Nurs.2017;34(4):401–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12273
19. Paynter S, Ware RS, Lucero MG, Tallo V, Nohynek H, Weinstein P, et al. Malnutrition. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(3):267–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000096
20. Cárdenas-Cárdenas LM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Chaparro-Narváez P, Hoz-Restrepo FD la. Individual and climate factors associated with acute respiratory infection in Colombian children. Cad Saúde Pública. 2017;33(10):e00028216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00028216
21. Koetaan D, Smith A, Liebenberg A, Brits M, Halkas C, Van Lill M, et al. The prevalence of underweight in children aged 5 years and younger attending primary health care clinics in the Mangaung area, Free State. African J Prim Heal Care Fam Med. 2018;10(1):e1–5. https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/2Fphcfm.v10i1.1476
22. McCuskee S, Garchitorena A, Miller AC, Hall L, Ouenzar MA, Rabeza VR, et al. Child malnutrition in Ifanadiana district, Madagascar: associated factors and timing of growth faltering ahead of a health system strengthening intervention. Glob Health Action. 2018;11(1):1452357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1452357
23. Wong HJ, Moy FM, Nair S. Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):785. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-785
24. Kizilyildiz BS, Sönmez B, Karaman K, Beger B, Mercen A, Alioglu S, et al. Prevalence, Demographic Characteristics and Associated Risk Factors of Malnutrition Among 0-5 Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study From Van, Eastern Turkey. Pediatr Rep. 2016;8(4):6112. https://dx.doi.org/10.4081%2Fpr.2016.6112
25. Black M, Bhattacharya S, Philip S, Norman JE, McLernon DJ. Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health. JAMA. 2015;314(21):2271. https://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2015.16176
26. Yuan C, Gaskins AJ, Blaine AI, Zhang C, Gillman MW, Missmer SA, et al. Association Between Cesarean Birth and Risk of Obesity in Offspring in Childhood, Adolescence, and Early Adulthood. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(11):e162385. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.2385
27. Jakobsson HE, Abrahamsson TR, Jenmalm MC, Harris K, Quince C, Jernberg C, et al. Decreased gut microbiota diversity, delayed Bacteroidetes colonisation and reduced Th1 responses in infants delivered by Caesarean section. Gut. 2014;63(4):559–66. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303249
28. Juma OA, Enumah ZO, Wheatley H, Rafiq MY, Shekalaghe S, Ali A, et al. Prevalence and assessment of malnutrition among children attending the Reproductive and Child Health clinic at Bagamoyo District Hospital, Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1094. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3751-0
29. Fekadu Y, Mesfin A, Haile D, Stoecker BJ. Factors associated with nutritional status of infants and young children in Somali Region, Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):846. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2190-7
30. Alemayehu M, Tinsae F, Haileslassie K, Seid O, Gebregziabher G, Yebyo H. Undernutrition status and associated factors in under-5 children, in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Nutrition. 2015;31(7–8):964–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.01.013
31. Gelana G, Dessalegn B, Alemu G. Assessment of Breast Feeding Practice and Risk Factors Associated with Severe Acute Malnutrition among Children Admitted to Addis Ababa Governmental Hospitals, Ethiopia, 2014: A Cross-Sectional Facility Based Study. Open Access J Sci Technol. 2017;5:15. https://doi.org/10.11131/2017/101220
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