Tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Contenido principal del artículo

Jessica Molina-Franky
Marcela América Roa Cubaque
Sandra Patricia Corredor Gamba
Alba Yanira Polanía Robayo
Maria del Pilar Rojas Laverde

Resumen

Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), caracterizada por limitación del flujo aéreo, constituye una patología con alta prevalencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial, representada por exacerbaciones que requieren escalonar el tratamiento; el abordaje se realiza por medio de medidas farmacológicas y no farmacológicas. Objetivo. Sintetizar los aspectos relevantes de las principales guías de manejo y de los artículos científicos acerca del tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Método. Revisión descriptiva sobre el tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, a partir de la búsqueda de literatura publicada en bases de datos electrónicas especializadas en salud. Se encontraron 265 documentos, entre artículos y guías, que cumplían con los criterios de búsqueda, se seleccionaron 118, se excluyeron 60 y se analizaron 58 referencias. Conclusión. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tiene alta prevalencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial, por esto hay que diagnosticarla bajo los parámetros de la guía de referencia mundial Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease y de acuerdo con esto, abordar al paciente de forma integral e instaurándole un manejo farmacológico y no farmacológico individualizado con el fin de aumentar la adherencia al tratamiento, disminuir los síntomas y las exacerbaciones y, por consiguiente, mejorar la calidad de vida.

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Referencias (VER)

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